Moon Square Mars in Depth
Three signs apart, same modality
The square puts your emotional needs and your fighting instinct in signs of matching modality but clashing element. They operate at the same tempo and want incompatible things, which is the recipe for an internal argument that never resolves and never quite stops. Orb runs six to eight degrees.
The practical difference from the conjunction is that here you do feel the gap. There is a distinct moment of knowing you should not say it, followed by saying it. That moment is uncomfortable, and it is also the whole opportunity of the aspect, because it is a place where a choice can be inserted.
The pattern in relationships
Moon square Mars typically produces a person who needs closeness and finds closeness irritating. You want to be looked after and you bristle when someone tries. Partners learn that offering help gets a sharp response and stop offering, at which point you feel unsupported, which produces more sharpness.
Naming the mechanism out loud tends to break it faster than anything else. Telling someone that your first reaction to care is prickly and to please ignore it for thirty seconds is not romantic, but it works, and it spares both of you a decade of the same argument. Food, sleep, and the state of your living space matter more here than most people would credit. A Moon square Mars person in a cluttered flat after four hours of sleep is a genuinely different person from the same one rested in a tidy room, and treating that as a logistics issue rather than a personality issue solves more than any amount of insight.
Natal chart versus transit
Natally it is a standing tension in how you self soothe. As a transit it is brief and highly recognizable. Mars squares your natal Moon roughly twice per two year cycle for four or five days, and the transiting Moon squares your natal Mars twice a month for two or three hours. If you keep any kind of mood log you will start to see the monthly ones cluster.
Longer Mars retrograde periods can drag the square out across several weeks, and those stretches usually correspond to a domestic or family friction that will not quite resolve until Mars moves off.
What the mature version looks like
It is not serenity. The people who do well with this square are the ones who found something to be genuinely fierce about. Advocacy for family, nursing, emergency work, coaching, running a household under pressure. Given a real object, the aspect becomes stamina and protectiveness. Given nothing, it turns on the nearest person.
The physical side is worth respecting as well. Many with this aspect report that they simply cannot think clearly about an emotional problem without moving first. Walking before the difficult conversation is a small habit that pays out for decades.